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# Delphi のコンソールアプリケーションで文字色変更と座標指定をしたい！

---

tags: Delphi programming Pascal embarcadero objectpascal
created_at: 2019-03-27
updated_at: 2021-12-31

---
# はじめに
Windows 9x の **DOS プロンプト**では...

`(長くなるので中略)`

...Windows 10 の将来のバージョンではコマンドプロンプト (CMD.EXE)でエスケープシーケンスが使えるようになるという事ですが、現状では **ANSICON** 等を使わない限りエスケープシーケンスは使えません。

 - [New Experimental Console Features (Windows Command Line Tools For Developers)](https://devblogs.microsoft.com/commandline/new-experimental-console-features/)
 - [ANSICON (adoxa.altervista.org)](http://adoxa.altervista.org/ansicon/)
 - [ANSICON (GitHub)](https://github.com/adoxa/ansicon)

この記事の趣旨は**「Delphi のコンソールアプリケーションで文字色変更と座標指定をしたい！」**というものです。

# Crt, WinCRT ユニット

**Turbo Pasal** には Crt ユニットが、**Turbo Pascal for Windows** や **Delphi 1** には WinCRT ユニットがありました。
![image.png](./images/943e5589-c184-e472-2b2b-e16efb9c4acf.png)
※画像は Delphi 1 のヘルプです。

## WinCRT
WinCRT の情報は Borland が配布していた『Object Pascal Language Guide (OBJLANG.PDF) [^1]』にも載っています。

[^1]: Delphi 4 等のインストール CD-ROM 内の DELPHI16\EXTRAS\MANUALS にあります。

### WinCrt procedures and functions
The following tables list the procedures and functions defined by the WinCrt unit.

| Procedure<br>or function | Description |
|:---|:--|
|AssignCrt| Associates a text file with the CRT window.|
|ClrEol| Clears all the characters from the cursor position to the end of the line.|
|ClrScr| Clears the screen and returns cursor to the upper left-hand corner.|
|CursorTo| Moves the cursor to the given coordinates within the virtual screen. The origin coordinates are 0,0.|
|DoneWinCrt| Destroys the CRT window.|
|GotoXY| Moves the cursor to the given coordinates within the virtual screen. The origin coordinates are 1,1.|
|InitWinCrt| Creates the CRT window.|
|KeyPressed| Returns True if a key has been pressed on the keyboard.|
|ReadBuf| Inputs a line from the CRT window.|
|ReadKey| Reads a character from the keyboard.|
|ScrollTo| Scrolls the CRT window to show a screen location.|
|TrackCursor| Scrolls the CRT window to keep the cursor visible.|
|WhereX| Returns the x-coordinate of the current cursor location. The origin coordinates are 1,1.|
|WhereY| Returns the y-coordinate of the current cursor location. The origin coordinates are 1,1. |
|WriteBuf| Writes a block of characters to the CRT window.|
|WriteChar| Writes a single character to the CRT window.|

### WinCrt unit variables
The WinCrt unit declares several variables:

| Variable | Description |
|:---|:--|
|WindowOrg| Determines the initial location of the CRT window.|
|WindowSize| Determines the initial size of the CRT window.|
|ScreenSize| Determines the width and height in characters of the virtual screen within the CRT window.|
|Cursor| Contains the current position of the cursor within the virtual screen. Cursor is 0,0 based.|
|Origin| Contains the virtual screen coordinates of the character cell displayed in the upper left corner of the CRT window. Origin is 0,0 based.|
|InactiveTitle| Points to a null-terminated string to use when constructing the title of an inactive CRT window.|
|AutoTracking| Enables and disables the automatic scrolling of the window to keep the cursor visible.|
|CheckEOF| Enables and disables the end-of-file character.|
|CheckBreak| Enables and disables user termination of an application.|
|WindowTitle| Determines the title of the CRT window.|


```pascal:Test.pas
program Test;

uses
  WinCRT;

var
  CRT: TextFile;
begin
  AssignCRT(CRT);
  ReWrite(CRT);
  Write(CRT, 'Hello,world.');
end;
```

これを使うと文字色を変えたりカーソル位置を変更できました。WinCRT は **16 ビット Windows アプリケーション**用のユニットで、文字色の変更はできませんでした (そもそも Delphi 1 は MS-DOS 用プログラムを作成できません)。
![image.png](./images/2a664925-6994-e0ad-1e94-1d8d7ffb7c58.png)
WinCRT は Delphi 2 で廃止されました。疑似 DOS プロンプトを作る機能の代わりに、Win32 コンソールアプリケーションが作れるようになりました。コンパイラ指令 `{$APPTYPE CONSOLE}` もこの時に追加されています。

## 互換ユニット

CRT, WinCRT 互換ユニットはイロイロあります。

 - [Components / System / CRT (torry.net)](https://torry.net/pages.php?id=236)

が、Unicode 版 Delphi 対応となるとそんなにないのです。

### ・Delphi CRT

ANSI 版 Delphi で動作する CRT ユニットです。

 - [Delphi Crt (SourceForge)](https://sourceforge.net/projects/delphicrt/)

残念ながら Unicode 版 Delphi では動作しません。

### ・CRT32

[Delphi Zone](http://www.delphi-zone.com/2010/09/how-to-use-a-crt-unit-for-delphi/) にあったものを [Warren Postma 氏が Unicode 版 Delphi 向けに改変したもの](https://onedrive.live.com/embed?cid=F5BB35AE00415BC7&resid=F5BB35AE00415BC7%21232&authkey=AIKZAtMjhUyE-TQ)を改変したユニットです。

 - [Delphi Zone (Internet Archive)](https://web.archive.org/web/20110122103611/http://www.delphi-zone.com/2010/09/how-to-use-a-crt-unit-for-delphi/)
 - [Warren Postma 氏の投稿 (StackOverflow)](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/4706603/crt-unit-for-delphi-2010)

そんなに長くないのでソースを掲載しておきます。

```pascal:Crt32.pas
{ *********************************************************************** }
{                                                                         }
{ Delphi Runtime Library                                                  }
{ Crt Interface Unit                                                      }
{                                                                         }
{ *********************************************************************** }

unit Crt32;

{$Define NEW_STYLES}
{ ..$Define HARD_CRT }      { Redirect STD_... }
{ ..$Define CRT_EVENT }     { CTRL-C,... }
{$Define MOUSE_IS_USED}     { Handle mouse or not }
{ ..$Define OneByOne }      { Block or byte style write }

interface

{$IFDEF Win32}

const
  { CRT modes of original CRT unit }
  BW40               =   0; { 40x25 B/W on Color Adapter }
  CO40               =   1; { 40x25 Color on Color Adapter }
  BW80               =   2; { 80x25 B/W on Color Adapter }
  CO80               =   3; { 80x25 Color on Color Adapter }
  Mono               =   7; { 80x25 on Monochrome Adapter }
  Font8x8            = 256; { Add-in for ROM font }

  { Mode constants for 3.0 compatibility of original CRT unit }
  C40                = CO40;
  C80                = CO80;

  { Foreground and background color constants of original CRT unit }
  Black              = 0;
  Blue               = 1;
  Green              = 2;
  Cyan               = 3;
  Red                = 4;
  Magenta            = 5;
  Brown              = 6;
  LightGray          = 7;

  { Foreground color constants of original CRT unit }
  DarkGray           = 8;
  LightBlue          = 9;
  LightGreen         = 10;
  LightCyan          = 11;
  LightRed           = 12;
  LightMagenta       = 13;
  Yellow             = 14;
  White              = 15;

  { Add-in for blinking of original CRT unit }
  Blink              = 128;

  { New constans there are not in original CRT unit }
  MouseLeftButton    = 1;
  MouseRightButton   = 2;
  MouseCenterButton  = 4;

  { Console output codepage }
  ConsoleOutputCP    = 65001; // UTF-8

var
  { Interface variables of original CRT unit }
  CheckBreak: Boolean;      { Enable Ctrl-Break }
  CheckEOF: Boolean;        { Enable Ctrl-Z }
  CheckSnow: Boolean;       { Enable snow filtering }
  DirectVideo: Boolean;     { Enable direct video addressing }
  LastMode: Word;           { Current text mode }
  TextAttr: Byte;           { Current text attribute }
  WindMax: Word;            { Window lower right coordinates }
  WindMin: Word;            { Window upper left coordinates }

  { New variables there are not in original CRT unit }
  MouseInstalled: Boolean;
  MousePressedButtons: Word;

  { Interface functions & procedures of original CRT unit }
  procedure AssignCrt(var F: Text);
  procedure ClrEol;
  procedure ClrScr;
  procedure CursorTo(X, Y: Byte);
  procedure Delay(MS: Word);
  procedure DelLine;
  procedure GotoXY(X, Y: Byte);
  procedure HighVideo;
  procedure InsLine;
  function KeyPressed: Boolean;
  procedure LowVideo;
  procedure NormVideo;
  procedure NoSound;
  function ReadKey: AnsiChar;
  procedure Sound(Hz: Word);
  procedure TextBackground(Color: Byte);
  procedure TextColor(Color: Byte);
  procedure TextMode(Mode: Integer);
  function WhereX: Byte;
  function WhereY: Byte;
  procedure Window(X1, Y1, X2, Y2: Byte);

  { New functions & procedures there are not in original CRT unit }
  procedure FillerScreen(FillChar: Char);
  procedure FlushInputBuffer;
  function GetCursor: Word;
  procedure MouseGotoXY(X, Y: Integer);
  procedure MouseHideCursor;
  function MouseKeyPressed: Boolean;
  procedure MouseShowCursor;
  function MouseWhereX: Integer;
  function MouseWhereY: Integer;
  function ScreenHeight: Integer;
  function ScreenWidth: Integer;
  procedure SetCursor(NewCursor: Word);
  function WriteText(s: string; LineBreak: Boolean = False): UInt32;
  function WriteLineText(s: string = ''): UInt32;

{$ENDIF Win32}

implementation

{$IFDEF Win32}

uses
  AnsiStrings, Windows, SysUtils;

type
  POpenText = ^TOpenText;
  TOpenText = function(var F: Text; Mode: Word): Integer; far;

var
  IsWinNT: Boolean;
  PtrOpenText: POpenText;
  hConsoleInput: THandle;
  hConsoleOutput: THandle;
  ConsoleScreenRect: TSmallRect;
  StartAttr: Word;
  LastX, LastY: Byte;
  SoundDuration: Integer;
  SoundFrequency: Integer;
  OldCP: Integer;
  MouseRowWidth, MouseColWidth: Word;
  MousePosX, MousePosY: smallInt;
  MouseButtonPressed: Boolean;
  MouseEventTime: TDateTime;

{ --- Begin of functions & procedures are for inside use only --- }

{ Write string into the X,Y position }
procedure WriteStrXY(X, Y: Byte; Str: PAnsiChar; dwSize: Integer);
{$IFDEF OneByOne}
var
  dwCount: Integer;
{$ELSE}
var
  I: Integer;
  LineSize, dwCharCount, dwCount, dwWait: DWORD;
  WidthHeight: TCoord;
  OneLine: packed array [0 .. 131] of AnsiChar;
  Line, TempStr: PAnsiChar;

  procedure NewLine;
  begin
    LastX := 1;
    Inc(LastY);
    if (LastY + ConsoleScreenRect.Top) > (ConsoleScreenRect.Bottom + 1) then
    begin
      Dec(LastY);
      GotoXY(1, 1);
      DelLine;
    end;
    GotoXY(LastX, LastY);
  end;

{$ENDIF}

begin
  if dwSize > 0 then
  begin
{$IFDEF OneByOne}
    LastX := X;
    LastY := Y;
    dwCount := 0;
    while dwCount < dwSize do
    begin
      WriteChrXY(LastX, LastY, Str[dwCount]);
      Inc(dwCount);
    end;
{$ELSE}
    LastX := X;
    LastY := Y;
    GotoXY(LastX, LastY);
    dwWait := dwSize;
    TempStr := Str;
    while (dwWait > 0) and
      (Pos(#13#10, String(AnsiStrings.StrPas(TempStr))) = 1) do
    begin
      Dec(dwWait, 2);
      Inc(TempStr, 2);
      NewLine;
    end;
    while (dwWait > 0) and
      (Pos(#10, String(AnsiStrings.StrPas(TempStr))) = 1) do
    begin
      Dec(dwWait);
      Inc(TempStr);
      NewLine;
    end;
    if dwWait > 0 then
    begin
      if dwSize <= (ConsoleScreenRect.Right - ConsoleScreenRect.Left - LastX + 1)
      then
      begin
        WidthHeight.X := dwSize + LastX - 1;
        WidthHeight.Y := 1;
      end
      else
      begin
        WidthHeight.X := ConsoleScreenRect.Right - ConsoleScreenRect.Left + 1;
        WidthHeight.Y := dwSize div WidthHeight.X;
        if (dwSize mod WidthHeight.X) > 0 then
          Inc(WidthHeight.Y);
      end;
      for I := 1 to WidthHeight.Y do
      begin
        FillChar(OneLine, SizeOf(OneLine), #0);
        Line := @OneLine;
        LineSize := WidthHeight.X - LastX + 1;
        if LineSize > dwWait then
          LineSize := dwWait;
        Dec(dwWait, LineSize);
        AnsiStrings.StrLCopy(Line, TempStr, LineSize);
        Inc(TempStr, LineSize);
        dwCharCount := Pos(#13#10, String(AnsiStrings.StrPas(Line)));
        if dwCharCount > 0 then
        begin
          OneLine[dwCharCount - 1] := #0;
          OneLine[dwCharCount] := #0;
          WriteConsoleA(hConsoleOutput, Line, dwCharCount - 1, dwCount, nil);
          Inc(Line, dwCharCount + 1);
          NewLine;
          LineSize := LineSize - (dwCharCount + 1);
        end
        else
        begin
          dwCharCount := Pos(#10, String(AnsiStrings.StrPas(Line)));
          if dwCharCount > 0 then
          begin
            OneLine[dwCharCount - 1] := #0;
            WriteConsoleA(hConsoleOutput, Line, dwCharCount - 1, dwCount, nil);
            Inc(Line, dwCharCount);
            NewLine;
            LineSize := LineSize - dwCharCount;
          end;
        end;
        if LineSize <> 0 then
        begin
          WriteConsoleA(hConsoleOutput, Line, LineSize, dwCount, nil);
        end;
        if dwWait > 0 then
        begin
          NewLine;
        end;
      end;
    end;
{$ENDIF}
  end;
end;

{ Console Event Handler }
{$IFDEF CRT_EVENT}
function ConsoleEventProc(CtrlType: DWORD): Bool; stdcall; far;
var
  S: {$IFDEF Win32}ShortString{$ELSE}String{$ENDIF};
  Message: PAnsiChar;
begin
  case CtrlType of
    CTRL_C_EVENT:
      S := 'CTRL_C_EVENT';
    CTRL_BREAK_EVENT:
      S := 'CTRL_BREAK_EVENT';
    CTRL_CLOSE_EVENT:
      S := 'CTRL_CLOSE_EVENT';
    CTRL_LOGOFF_EVENT:
      S := 'CTRL_LOGOFF_EVENT';
    CTRL_SHUTDOWN_EVENT:
      S := 'CTRL_SHUTDOWN_EVENT';
  else
    S := 'UNKNOWN_EVENT';
  end;
  S := S + ' detected, but not handled.';
  Message := @S;
  Inc(Message);
  MessageBox(0, Message, 'Win32 Console', MB_OK);
  Result := True;
end;
{$ENDIF}

{ This function handles the exchanging of Input or Output }
function OpenText(var F: Text; Mode: Word): Integer; far;
var
  OpenResult: Integer;
begin
  OpenResult := 102; { Text not assigned }
  if Assigned(PtrOpenText) then
  begin
    TTextRec(F).OpenFunc := PtrOpenText;
    OpenResult := PtrOpenText^(F, Mode);
    if OpenResult = 0 then
    begin
      if Mode = fmInput then
        hConsoleInput := TTextRec(F).Handle
      else
      begin
        hConsoleOutput := TTextRec(F).Handle;
        TTextRec(Output).InOutFunc := @TextOut;
        TTextRec(Output).FlushFunc := @TextOut;
      end;
    end;
  end;
  Result := OpenResult;
end;

{ This function handles the Write and WriteLn commands }
function TextOut(var F: Text): Integer; far;
{$IFDEF OneByOne}
var
  dwSize: DWORD;
{$ENDIF}
begin
  with TTextRec(F) do
  begin
    if BufPos > 0 then
    begin
      LastX := WhereX;
      LastY := WhereY;
{$IFDEF OneByOne}
      dwSize := 0;
      while (dwSize < BufPos) do
      begin
        WriteChrXY(LastX, LastY, BufPtr[dwSize]);
        Inc(dwSize);
      end;
{$ELSE}
      WriteStrXY(LastX, LastY, BufPtr, BufPos);
      FillChar(BufPtr^, BufPos + 1, #0);
{$ENDIF}
      BufPos := 0;
    end;
  end;
  Result := 0;
end;

function MouseReset: Boolean;
begin
  MouseColWidth := 1;
  MouseRowWidth := 1;
  Result := True;
end;

procedure Init;
const
  ExtInpConsoleMode = ENABLE_WINDOW_INPUT or ENABLE_PROCESSED_INPUT or
    ENABLE_MOUSE_INPUT;
  ExtOutConsoleMode = ENABLE_PROCESSED_OUTPUT or ENABLE_WRAP_AT_EOL_OUTPUT;
var
  cMode: DWORD;
  Coord: TCoord;
  OSVersion: TOSVersionInfo;
  CBI: TConsoleScreenBufferInfo;
begin
  OSVersion.dwOSVersionInfoSize := SizeOf(TOSVersionInfo);
  GetVersionEx(OSVersion);
  if OSVersion.dwPlatformId = VER_PLATFORM_WIN32_NT then
    IsWinNT := True
  else
    IsWinNT := False;
  PtrOpenText := TTextRec(Output).OpenFunc;
  OldCP := GetConsoleOutputCP;
  SetConsoleOutputCP(ConsoleOutputCP);
{$IFDEF HARD_CRT}
  AllocConsole;
  Reset(Input);
  hConsoleInput := GetStdHandle(STD_INPUT_HANDLE);
  TTextRec(Input).Handle := hConsoleInput;
  ReWrite(Output);
  hConsoleOutput := GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
  TTextRec(Output).Handle := hConsoleOutput;
{$ELSE}
  Reset(Input);
  hConsoleInput := TTextRec(Input).Handle;
  ReWrite(Output);
  hConsoleOutput := TTextRec(Output).Handle;
{$ENDIF}
  GetConsoleMode(hConsoleInput, cMode);
  if (cMode and ExtInpConsoleMode) <> ExtInpConsoleMode then
  begin
    cMode := cMode or ExtInpConsoleMode;
    SetConsoleMode(hConsoleInput, cMode);
  end;

  TTextRec(Output).InOutFunc := @TextOut;
  TTextRec(Output).FlushFunc := @TextOut;
  GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(hConsoleOutput, CBI);
  GetConsoleMode(hConsoleOutput, cMode);
  if (cMode and ExtOutConsoleMode) <> ExtOutConsoleMode then
  begin
    cMode := cMode or ExtOutConsoleMode;
    SetConsoleMode(hConsoleOutput, cMode);
  end;
  TextAttr := CBI.wAttributes;
  StartAttr := CBI.wAttributes;
  LastMode := CBI.wAttributes;

  Coord.X := CBI.srWindow.Left;
  Coord.Y := CBI.srWindow.Top;
  WindMin := (Coord.Y shl 8) or Coord.X;
  Coord.X := CBI.srWindow.Right;
  Coord.Y := CBI.srWindow.Bottom;
  WindMax := (Coord.Y shl 8) or Coord.X;
  ConsoleScreenRect := CBI.srWindow;

  SoundDuration := -1;
{$IFDEF CRT_EVENT}
  SetConsoleCtrlHandler(@ConsoleEventProc, True);
{$ENDIF}
{$IFDEF MOUSE_IS_USED}
  SetCapture(hConsoleInput);
  KeyPressed;
{$ENDIF}
  MouseInstalled := MouseReset;
  Window(1, 1, 80, 25);
  ClrScr;
end;

procedure Done;
begin
{$IFDEF CRT_EVENT}
  SetConsoleCtrlHandler(@ConsoleEventProc, False);
{$ENDIF}
  SetConsoleOutputCP(OldCP);
  TextAttr := StartAttr;
  SetConsoleTextAttribute(hConsoleOutput, TextAttr);
  ClrScr;
  FlushInputBuffer;
{$IFDEF HARD_CRT}
  TTextRec(Input).Mode := fmClosed;
  TTextRec(Output).Mode := fmClosed;
  FreeConsole;
{$ELSE}
  Close(Input);
  Close(Output);
{$ENDIF}
end;

procedure OverwriteChrXY(X, Y: Byte; Chr: AnsiChar);
var
  Coord: TCoord;
  dwSize, dwCount: DWORD;
begin
  LastX := X;
  LastY := Y;
  Coord.X := LastX - 1 + ConsoleScreenRect.Left;
  Coord.Y := LastY - 1 + ConsoleScreenRect.Top;
  dwSize := 1;
  FillConsoleOutputAttribute(hConsoleOutput, TextAttr, dwSize, Coord, dwCount);
  FillConsoleOutputCharacterA(hConsoleOutput, Chr, dwSize, Coord, dwCount);
  GotoXY(LastX, LastY);
end;

{ Write one character at the X,Y position }
procedure WriteChrXY(X, Y: Byte; Chr: AnsiChar);
var
  Coord: TCoord;
  dwSize, dwCount: DWORD;
begin
  LastX := X;
  LastY := Y;
  case Chr of
    #13:
      LastX := 1;
    #10:
      begin
        LastX := 1;
        Inc(LastY);
      end;
  else
    begin
      Coord.X := LastX - 1 + ConsoleScreenRect.Left;
      Coord.Y := LastY - 1 + ConsoleScreenRect.Top;
      dwSize := 1;
      FillConsoleOutputAttribute(hConsoleOutput, TextAttr, dwSize,
        Coord, dwCount);
      FillConsoleOutputCharacterA(hConsoleOutput, Chr, dwSize, Coord, dwCount);
      Inc(LastX);
    end;
  end;
  if (LastX + ConsoleScreenRect.Left) > (ConsoleScreenRect.Right + 1) then
  begin
    LastX := 1;
    Inc(LastY);
  end;
  if (LastY + ConsoleScreenRect.Top) > (ConsoleScreenRect.Bottom + 1) then
  begin
    Dec(LastY);
    GotoXY(1, 1);
    DelLine;
  end;
  GotoXY(LastX, LastY);
end;

{ --- Begin of functions & procedures of original CRT unit --- }

procedure AssignCrt(var F: Text);
begin
  Assign(F, '');
  TTextRec(F).OpenFunc := @OpenText;
end;

procedure ClrScr;
begin
  FillerScreen(' ');
end;

procedure ClrEol;
var
  Coord: TCoord;
  dwSize, dwCount: DWORD;
begin
  Coord.X := WhereX - 1 + ConsoleScreenRect.Left;
  Coord.Y := WhereY - 1 + ConsoleScreenRect.Top;
  dwSize := ConsoleScreenRect.Right - Coord.X + 1;
  FillConsoleOutputAttribute(hConsoleOutput, TextAttr, dwSize, Coord, dwCount);
  FillConsoleOutputCharacter(hConsoleOutput, ' ', dwSize, Coord, dwCount);
end;

procedure CursorTo(X, Y: Byte);
begin
  GotoXY(X + 1, Y + 1);
end;

procedure Delay(MS: Word);
begin
  Windows.SleepEx(MS, False); // Windows.Sleep(MS);
end;

procedure DelLine;
var
  SourceScreenRect: TSmallRect;
  Coord: TCoord;
  CI: TCharinfo;
  dwSize, dwCount: DWORD;
begin
  SourceScreenRect := ConsoleScreenRect;
  SourceScreenRect.Top := WhereY + ConsoleScreenRect.Top;
  CI.AsciiChar := ' ';
  CI.Attributes := TextAttr;
  Coord.X := SourceScreenRect.Left;
  Coord.Y := SourceScreenRect.Top - 1;
  dwSize := SourceScreenRect.Right - SourceScreenRect.Left + 1;
  ScrollConsoleScreenBuffer(hConsoleOutput, SourceScreenRect, nil, Coord, CI);
  FillConsoleOutputAttribute(hConsoleOutput, TextAttr, dwSize, Coord, dwCount);
end;

procedure GotoXY(X, Y: Byte);
var
  Coord: TCoord;
begin
  Coord.X := X - 1 + ConsoleScreenRect.Left;
  Coord.Y := Y - 1 + ConsoleScreenRect.Top;
  if not SetConsoleCursorPosition(hConsoleOutput, Coord) then
  begin
    GotoXY(1, 1);
    DelLine;
  end;
end;

procedure HighVideo;
begin
  LastMode := TextAttr;
  TextAttr := TextAttr or $08;
  SetConsoleTextAttribute(hConsoleOutput, TextAttr);
end;

procedure InsLine;
var
  SourceScreenRect: TSmallRect;
  Coord: TCoord;
  CI: TCharinfo;
  dwSize, dwCount: DWORD;
begin
  SourceScreenRect := ConsoleScreenRect;
  SourceScreenRect.Top := WhereY - 1 + ConsoleScreenRect.Top;
  SourceScreenRect.Bottom := ConsoleScreenRect.Bottom - 1;
  CI.AsciiChar := ' ';
  CI.Attributes := TextAttr;
  Coord.X := SourceScreenRect.Left;
  Coord.Y := SourceScreenRect.Top + 1;
  dwSize := SourceScreenRect.Right - SourceScreenRect.Left + 1;
  ScrollConsoleScreenBuffer(hConsoleOutput, SourceScreenRect, nil, Coord, CI);
  Dec(Coord.Y);
  FillConsoleOutputAttribute(hConsoleOutput, TextAttr, dwSize, Coord, dwCount);
end;

function KeyPressed: Boolean;
var
  NumberOfEvents: DWORD;
  NumRead: DWORD;
  InputRec: TInputRecord;
  Pressed: Boolean;
begin
  Pressed := False;
  GetNumberOfConsoleInputEvents(hConsoleInput, NumberOfEvents);
  if NumberOfEvents > 0 then
  begin
    if PeekConsoleInput(hConsoleInput, InputRec, 1, NumRead) then
    begin
      if (InputRec.EventType = KEY_EVENT) and
        (InputRec{$IFDEF NEW_STYLES}.Event{$ENDIF}.KeyEvent.bKeyDown) then
      begin
        Pressed := True;
{$IFDEF MOUSE_IS_USED}
        MouseButtonPressed := False;
{$ENDIF}
      end
      else
      begin
{$IFDEF MOUSE_IS_USED}
        if (InputRec.EventType = _MOUSE_EVENT) then
        begin
          with InputRec{$IFDEF NEW_STYLES}.Event{$ENDIF}.MouseEvent do
          begin
            MousePosX := dwMousePosition.X;
            MousePosY := dwMousePosition.Y;
            if dwButtonState = FROM_LEFT_1ST_BUTTON_PRESSED then
            begin
              MouseEventTime := Now;
              MouseButtonPressed := True;
              { If (dwEventFlags AND DOUBLE_CLICK)<>0 Then Begin }
              { End; }
            end;
          end;
        end;
        ReadConsoleInput(hConsoleInput, InputRec, 1, NumRead);
{$ELSE}
          ReadConsoleInput(hConsoleInput, InputRec, 1, NumRead);
{$ENDIF}
      end;
    end;
  end;
  Result := Pressed;
end;

procedure LowVideo;
begin
  LastMode := TextAttr;
  TextAttr := TextAttr and $F7;
  SetConsoleTextAttribute(hConsoleOutput, TextAttr);
end;

procedure NormVideo;
begin
  LastMode := TextAttr;
  TextAttr := StartAttr;
  SetConsoleTextAttribute(hConsoleOutput, TextAttr);
end;

procedure NoSound;
begin
  if IsWinNT then
  begin
    Windows.Beep(SoundFrequency, 0);
  end
  else
  begin
    asm
      { Set Sound On }
      in   Al,$61
      and  Al,$FC
      out  $61,Al
    end;
  end;
end;

function ReadKey: AnsiChar;
var
  NumRead: DWORD;
  InputRec: TInputRecord;
begin
  repeat
    repeat
    until KeyPressed;
    ReadConsoleInput(hConsoleInput, InputRec, 1, NumRead);
  until InputRec{$IFDEF NEW_STYLES}.Event{$ENDIF}.KeyEvent.AsciiChar > #0;
  Result := InputRec{$IFDEF NEW_STYLES}.Event{$ENDIF}.KeyEvent.AsciiChar;
end;

procedure Sound(Hz: Word);
begin
  { SetSoundIOPermissionMap(LocalIOPermission_ON); }
  SoundFrequency := Hz;
  if IsWinNT then
  begin
    Windows.Beep(SoundFrequency, SoundDuration)
  end
  else
  begin
    asm
      mov  BX,Hz
      cmp  BX,0
      jz   @2
      mov  AX,$34DD
      mov  DX,$0012
      cmp  DX,BX
      jnb  @2
      div  BX
      mov  BX,AX
      { Sound is On ? }
      in   Al,$61
      test Al,$03
      jnz  @1
      { Set Sound On }
      or   Al,03
      out  $61,Al
      { Timer Command }
      mov  Al,$B6
      out  $43,Al
      { Set Frequency }
    @1: mov  Al,Bl
      out  $42,Al
      mov  Al,Bh
      out  $42,Al
    @2:
    end;
  end;
end;

procedure TextBackground(Color: Byte);
begin
  LastMode := TextAttr;
  TextAttr := (Color shl 4) or (TextAttr and $0F);
  SetConsoleTextAttribute(hConsoleOutput, TextAttr);
end;

procedure TextColor(Color: Byte);
begin
  LastMode := TextAttr;
  TextAttr := (Color and $0F) or (TextAttr and $F0);
  SetConsoleTextAttribute(hConsoleOutput, TextAttr);
end;

procedure TextMode(Mode: Integer);
begin
end;

function WhereX: Byte;
var
  CBI: TConsoleScreenBufferInfo;
begin
  GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(hConsoleOutput, CBI);
  Result := TCoord(CBI.dwCursorPosition).X + 1 - ConsoleScreenRect.Left;
end;

function WhereY: Byte;
var
  CBI: TConsoleScreenBufferInfo;
begin
  GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(hConsoleOutput, CBI);
  Result := TCoord(CBI.dwCursorPosition).Y + 1 - ConsoleScreenRect.Top;
end;

procedure Window(X1, Y1, X2, Y2: Byte);
begin
  ConsoleScreenRect.Left := X1 - 1;
  ConsoleScreenRect.Top := Y1 - 1;
  ConsoleScreenRect.Right := X2 - 1;
  ConsoleScreenRect.Bottom := Y2 - 1;
  WindMin := (ConsoleScreenRect.Top shl 8) or ConsoleScreenRect.Left;
  WindMax := (ConsoleScreenRect.Bottom shl 8) or ConsoleScreenRect.Right;
{$IFDEF WindowFrameToo}
  SetConsoleWindowInfo(hConsoleOutput, True, ConsoleScreenRect);
{$ENDIF}
  GotoXY(1, 1);
end;

{ --- Begin of New functions & procedures --- }

{ Fills the current window with special character }
procedure FillerScreen(FillChar: Char);
var
  Coord: TCoord;
  dwSize, dwCount: DWORD;
  Y: Integer;
begin
  Coord.X := ConsoleScreenRect.Left;
  dwSize := ConsoleScreenRect.Right - ConsoleScreenRect.Left + 1;
  for Y := ConsoleScreenRect.Top to ConsoleScreenRect.Bottom do
  begin
    Coord.Y := Y;
    FillConsoleOutputAttribute(hConsoleOutput, TextAttr, dwSize, Coord,
      dwCount);
    FillConsoleOutputCharacter(hConsoleOutput, FillChar, dwSize, Coord,
      dwCount);
  end;
  GotoXY(1, 1);
end;

{ Empty the buffer }
procedure FlushInputBuffer;
begin
  FlushConsoleInputBuffer(hConsoleInput);
end;

{ Get size of current cursor }
function GetCursor: Word;
var
  CCI: TConsoleCursorInfo;
begin
  GetConsoleCursorInfo(hConsoleOutput, CCI);
  GetCursor := CCI.dwSize;
end;

procedure MouseGotoXY(X, Y: Integer);
begin
{$IFDEF MOUSE_IS_USED}
  mouse_event(MOUSEEVENTF_ABSOLUTE or MOUSEEVENTF_MOVE, X - 1, Y - 1,
    WHEEL_DELTA, GetMessageExtraInfo());
  MousePosY := (Y - 1) * MouseRowWidth;
  MousePosX := (X - 1) * MouseColWidth;
{$ENDIF}
end;

procedure MouseHideCursor;
const
  ShowMouseConsoleMode = ENABLE_MOUSE_INPUT;
var
  cMode: DWORD;
begin
  GetConsoleMode(hConsoleInput, cMode);
  if (cMode and ShowMouseConsoleMode) = ShowMouseConsoleMode then
  begin
    cMode := cMode and ($FFFFFFFF xor ShowMouseConsoleMode);
    SetConsoleMode(hConsoleInput, cMode);
  end;
end;

function MouseKeyPressed: Boolean;
{$IFDEF MOUSE_IS_USED}
const
  MouseDeltaTime = 200;
var
  ActualTime: TDateTime;
  HourA, HourM, MinA, MinM, SecA, SecM, MSecA, MSecM: Word;
  MSecTimeA, MSecTimeM: longInt;
  MSecDelta: longInt;
{$ENDIF}
begin
  MousePressedButtons := 0;
{$IFDEF MOUSE_IS_USED}
  Result := False;
  if MouseButtonPressed then
  begin
    ActualTime := Now;
    DecodeTime(ActualTime, HourA, MinA, SecA, MSecA);
    DecodeTime(MouseEventTime, HourM, MinM, SecM, MSecM);
    MSecTimeA := (3600 * HourA + 60 * MinA + SecA) * 100 + MSecA;
    MSecTimeM := (3600 * HourM + 60 * MinM + SecM) * 100 + MSecM;
    MSecDelta := Abs(MSecTimeM - MSecTimeA);
    if (MSecDelta < MouseDeltaTime) or (MSecDelta > (8784000 - MouseDeltaTime))
    then
    begin
      MousePressedButtons := MouseLeftButton;
      MouseButtonPressed := False;
      Result := True;
    end;
  end;
{$ELSE}
  Result := False;
{$ENDIF}
end;

procedure MouseShowCursor;
const
  ShowMouseConsoleMode = ENABLE_MOUSE_INPUT;
var
  cMode: DWORD;
begin
  GetConsoleMode(hConsoleInput, cMode);
  if (cMode and ShowMouseConsoleMode) <> ShowMouseConsoleMode then
  begin
    cMode := cMode or ShowMouseConsoleMode;
    SetConsoleMode(hConsoleInput, cMode);
  end;
end;

function MouseWhereX: Integer;
begin
{$IFDEF MOUSE_IS_USED}
  Result := (MousePosX div MouseColWidth) + 1;
{$ELSE}
  Result := -1;
{$ENDIF}
end;

function MouseWhereY: Integer;
begin
{$IFDEF MOUSE_IS_USED}
  Result := (MousePosY div MouseRowWidth) + 1;
{$ELSE}
  Result := -1;
{$ENDIF}
end;

function ScreenHeight: Integer;
begin
  Result := Hi(WindMax) - Hi(WindMin) + 1;
end;

function ScreenWidth: Integer;
begin
  Result := Lo(WindMax) - Hi(WindMin) + 1;
end;

{ Set size of current cursor }
procedure SetCursor(NewCursor: Word);
var
  CCI: TConsoleCursorInfo;
begin
  if NewCursor = $0000 then
  begin
    CCI.dwSize := GetCursor;
    CCI.bVisible := False;
  end
  else
  begin
    CCI.dwSize := NewCursor;
    CCI.bVisible := True;
  end;
  SetConsoleCursorInfo(hConsoleOutput, CCI);
end;

function WriteText(s: string; LineBreak: Boolean): UInt32;
var
  NumWritten: DWORD;
  Buf: String;
begin
  Buf := s;
  if LineBreak then
    Buf := Buf + sLineBreak;
  WriteConsole(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE), PChar(Buf), Length(Buf), NumWritten,  nil);
  Result := NumWritten;
end;

function WriteLineText(s: string): UInt32;
begin
  result := WriteText(s, True);
end;

initialization

Init;

finalization

Done;
{$ENDIF win32}

end.
```

#### サンプルコード

あまり難しくはないです。これは **Turbo Pascal 5.5** にあったデモを簡略化したものです。

```pascal:CrtTest.pas
program CrtTest;

{$APPTYPE CONSOLE}

uses
  Crt32;

var
  Ch: AnsiChar;
begin
  TextBackground(Blue);
  Window(5, 5, 45, 15);
  ClrScr;
  TextColor(Yellow);
  TextBackground(Blue);
  while True do
    begin
      Ch := ReadKey;
      case Ch of
        #27: { [ESC] }
          Break;
      else
        Write(Ch);
      end;
    end;
end.
```

実行した結果です。ウィンドウ領域がクリップされて文字を入力するとその中で改行されます。文字色も背景色も変更されています。
![image.png](./images/56a2adfa-aae2-c9bf-86b0-3fd6fb115e5a.png)


# おわりに

まぁ、GotoXY() と CursorTo() と TextColor() と TextBackGround() だけでも随分便利だと思います。Window() はちょっとアヤしいです。

コンソール用の API を使ってもそんなに難しくないんですけどね、座標指定と文字色変更は。

```pascal
program Project1;

{$APPTYPE CONSOLE}

uses
  System.SysUtils, Winapi.Windows;

var
  stdout: THandle;
  csbi: TConsoleScreenBufferInfo;
  cd: TCoord;
begin
  // 標準出力のハンドルを取得
  stdout := GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);

  // 二行出力
  Writeln('Delphi');
  Writeln('C++Builder');

  // 現在のカーソル位置を取得
  GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(stdout, csbi);

  // 一行目を書き換え
  SetConsoleTextAttribute(stdout, FOREGROUND_GREEN); // 色を緑に
  cd.X := 0;
  cd.Y := csbi.dwCursorPosition.Y - 2;
  SetConsoleCursorPosition(stdout, cd);
  Writeln('Hello, world.');

  // カーソル位置を元に戻す
  SetConsoleCursorPosition(stdout, csbi.dwCursorPosition);

  // Pause の代わり
  Readln;
end.
```

**See also:**

 - [Console Functions (Microsoft Docs)](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/console/console-functions)
 - [Win32 コンソール API (Qiita)](https://qiita.com/tadnakam/items/df5f864ab0b9e9c607bf)